Problem-solving and decision-making:

Problem-solving and decision-making:

The problem-solving and decision-making process stages are:
1 - Defining the problem:
In-depth study of the problem to find out the details and background, and highlights the collective participation in determining where the problem is more prominent and mature individual effort, because the ability of the individual, not being able to take the circumstances of the problem unlike collective effort.

2 - Defining the target:
Select what you want to achieve and to avoid any mention of what it intends to follow in order to reach this goal.

3 - to identify alternatives:
This refers to the stage of investigation and inspection, different solutions to solve the problem that was diagnosed accurately and should bear the administrative greater number of alternative solutions in order to ensure not falling into the error and select a suitable replacement.


4 - Evaluation of alternatives:
Must evaluate each alternative solution, taking into account the following considerations:
The possibility of implementing alternative and the availability of human and material resources appropriate for its implementation.
The financial costs of implementation and profits expected to be achieved and potential losses.
Psychological and social implications of its implementation and the response of subordinates to alternative and timeliness of its implementation.
There is no doubt that collective participation will help in the evaluation of alternatives and enrich the debate.

5 - select the alternative:
Here are the appropriate choice of alternatives available and select the alternative should be considered which leads to optimum utilization of factors of production material and human resources available with minimal effort, as well as select the alternative should be included to achieve the required speed, especially if the solution requires urgency and speed. There is no doubt that collective participation in the selection of alternative gives individuals a kind of security as well as the enthusiasm to implement the resolution, which was based on their participation.

6 - implementation of the resolution:
Here are necessary - after the selection of alternatives - the implementation of the resolution notes that the stage of implementation of the resolution require some kind of follow-up and cooperation of others and monitor implementation to ensure the integrity of the application.

Collective participation in decision-making:
Give subordinates the opportunity to participate in decision-making, helping to strengthen the quality of the decision to increase its effectiveness and to achieve its purpose, as well as increase the commitment of individuals to implement all its provisions because they participated in decision-making, which helps to raise morale and increase the degree of affiliation.

Benefits of collective participation in decision-making:
1 - Verify participation to understand the subordinates of the decision and accepted it.
2 - participation led to increased commitment by subordinates to the implementation of the resolution and their enthusiasm for this implementation.
3 - Verify participation subordinates to accommodate the objectives of resolution.
4 - allow participation to satisfy the needs of senior personnel mines, which is in
Independence and a sense of subjective and achievement.
5 - When you are participating through the method considered by members of the group
Project prior to the convening of meetings to discuss and debate management style and AVI, the group was exerting pressure on their members to accept the resolution and submit to it.
6 - enables mass participation to increase opportunities for cooperation between individuals to solve common 

problems.